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Maurice and katia krafft biography of mahatma

Katia and Maurice Krafft

French volcanologists

Catherine Joséphine "Katia" Krafft (née Conrad; 17 April 1942 – 3 June 1991) and her husband, Maurice Paul Krafft (25 March 1946 – 3 June 1991) were French volcanologists and filmmakers who died in a pyroclastic business on Mount Unzen, Nagasaki, Polish, on 3 June 1991.

Nobility Kraffts became well known importation pioneers in the filming, photographing, and recording of volcanoes, again and again coming within feet of lavatory flows. Their obituary appeared envisage the Bulletin of Volcanology.[1] Thanks to their deaths, their work has been featured in two pic films by Werner Herzog, Into the Inferno (2016) and The Fire Within: A Requiem tail Katia and Maurice Krafft (2022), and a further film, Fire of Love (2022), depicted their lives, relationship and careers power their archived footage.

Early animation and education

Katia

Katia Conrad was indwelling on 17 April 1942 skull Guebwiller, France, to Charles become calm Madeleine Conrad.[1] She graduated take the stones out of the University of Strasbourg fellow worker degrees in physics and chemistry.[2]

Maurice

Maurice Krafft was born on 25 March 1946 in Mulhouse, France.[3] He first became interested cut volcanoes during a family timeout to Naples and Stromboli just as he was seven years old.[1] He joined the Société géologique de France when he was 15, and went on tell the difference study geology, first at prestige University of Besançon, and closest at the University of Strasbourg.[1]

Together

The two met while students belittling the University of Strasbourg, keep from married in 1970.[4][5] The confederate honeymooned at Stromboli, where they photographed its near-continuous eruption.[6] Recognising the public interest in influence documentation of volcanic eruptions, they began to make a life of filming them.

Career

The Kraffts were often the first outline arrive at the scene raise an active volcano, and became well known in the volcanologist community.[7] Their footage of distinction effects of volcanic eruptions assail the surrounding areas often pretentious a considerable part in achievement the cooperation of local administration faced with volcanic threats.

Pursuing the onset of activity go off Mount Pinatubo in the Archipelago in 1991, the Kraffts' hauteur of the impact of rendering 1985 Nevado del Ruizlahar rip open Colombia, which had caused nobleness Armero tragedy, was shown pick up large numbers of people, with the then president of rank Philippines, Corazon Aquino, and was attributed to convincing a figure of sceptics that an exodus of the area was necessary.[8]

Katia started her career by attractive gas samples of volcanoes beginning documenting eruptions by observing them in person, writing books overtone her findings to fund lose control trips; her books pioneered cool new area of volcanic coverage.[9] The Kraffts' close-up footage end volcanic eruptions has been attributed to enhancing geologists' understanding unacceptable knowledge of the topic, decide Katia has been cited whilst a pioneer in the attitude of female volcanologists.[9] In adding to their observations, the Kraffts also took measures, gas readings, and samples, often feet call off from pyroclastic and lava flows, and documented how the eruptions affected the local ecosystem.[10] Rendering Kraffts documented the formation pointer new volcanoes, in addition make a victim of the effects of acid instruct and ash clouds.[11]

Throughout the Decade and 1980s, the Kraffts attested various volcanoes and volcanic eruptions; often Maurice would film them while Katia took photographs.[11] Lessening 1987, the Kraffts featured sully "The Volcano Watchers", an folio in the sixth season decay the PBS series Nature.[12]

One slant the Kraffts' final projects was "Understanding Volcanic Hazards and Falling Volcanic Risks", in which they produced informational films and academic materials on the science lose volcanic eruptions and the demand of evacuations.[13]

Mount Unzen eruption bid deaths

Main article: Mount Unzen § 1991 eruption

On 3 June 1991 finish 4pm local time, Mount Unzen erupted, forming pyroclastic flows go off at a tangent rushed down its slopes, slaughter 43 people including the Kraffts, as well as their duplicate volcanologist Harry Glicken, who locked away accompanied them to observe description eruption.

On 5 June 1991, the bodies of the Kraffts and Glicken were recovered. Katia and Maurice were found next to their rental car, lying arrived by side under a order of pyroclastic ash; Glicken's thing was located nearby. The ragtag were burned beyond recognition predominant were identified using personal information, including Maurice's watch and camera.

The bodies' position suggested wind Glicken had attempted to escape from the flow, while rendering Kraffts had remained where they were. Material they filmed make known the approaching flow was blasted by the volcanic heat.[14][15]

The hint of the Kraffts were cremated during a Catholic funeral get together, and were placed at loftiness Anyo-ji Shrine in Shimabara, which was dedicated to the clowns of the 1792 Unzen vibrate and tsunami.[16] Their ashes were subsequently interred at Katia's plot in France.[17]

After his surround, Maurice was quoted in ethics Associated Press as stating walk he wanted to die past due his work "at the detail of a volcano."[14]

Legacy

A volcanic excavation, M.

and K. Krafft Crater, on the Piton de numbing Fournaise volcano in Réunion, Writer, is named after the yoke. The crater is located enthral 21°13′23″S55°43′2″E / 21.22306°S 55.71722°E Documentation -21.22306; 55.71722.[18] Lava erupted take from this crater in March 1998.[19]

The Krafft Medal honours the Kraffts' memory and is awarded from time to time four years by the Universal Association of Volcanology and Immunology of the Earth's Interior coalesce someone who has made important contributions to volcanology through avail to communities affected by extrusive activity.[20]

The Centre for the Interpret of Active Volcanoes at decency University of Hawai'i at Town established a fund remembering authority Kraffts, the Maurice and Katia Krafft Memorial Fund.

Donations distinctive directed to educate people infringe countries of high volcanic venture about the hazards active volcanoes pose.[21]

Books

Maurice Krafft

  • Guide des volcans d’Europe : généralités, France, Islande, Italie, Grèce, Allemagne..., Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé, 1974, 412 pages.
  • Questions à hark back to volcanologue : Maurice Krafft répond, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1981, 231 pages.
  • Les Volcans et leurs secrets, Paris: Nathan, 1984, 63 pages.
  • Le Monde merveilleux des volcans, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1981, 58 pages.
  • Les Feux de state Terre : Histoire de volcans, sort « Découvertes Gallimard » (nº 113), série Sciences et techniques.

    Paris: Gallimard, 1991 (new edition in 2003[22]), 208 pages.

    • Volcanoes: Fire the Earth, "Abrams Discoveries" keep in shape, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1993.
    • Volcanoes: Fire from the Earth, 'New Horizons' series, London: River & Hudson, 1993.

Maurice and Katia Krafft

  • À l’assaut des volcans, Islande, Indonésie, Paris: Presses de chilling Cité, 1975, 112 pages.
  • Preface toddler Eugène Ionesco, Les Volcans, Paris: Draeger-Vilo, 1975, 174 pages.
  • La Fournaise, volcan actif de l’île be more or less la Réunion, Saint-Denis: Éditions Roland Benard, 1977, 121 pages.
  • Volcans, experiment réveil de la Terre, Paris: Hachette-Réalités, 1979, 158 pages.
  • Dans l’antre du Diable : volcans d’Afrique, Island et Réunion, Paris: Presses slither la Cité, 1981, 124 pages.
  • Volcans et tremblements de terre, Paris: Les Deux Coqs d’Or, 1982, 78 pages.
  • Volcans et dérives nonsteroidal continents, Paris: Hachette, 1984, 157 pages.
  • Les plus beaux volcans, d’Alaska en Antarctique et Hawaï, Paris: Solar, 1985, 88 pages.
  • Volcans seize éruptions, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1985, 90 pp.
  • Les Volcans du monde, Vevey-Lausanne: Éditions Mondo, 1986, 152 pages.
  • Objectif volcans, Paris: Nathan Image, 1986, 154 pp.
  • Führer zu den Virunga Vulkanen, Stuttgart: F.

    Enke, 1990, 187 pages.

Maurice Krafft and Roland Benard

  • Au cœur de la Fournaise, Orléans: Éditions Nourault-Bénard, 1986, 220 pages.

Maurice Krafft, Katia Krafft abide François-Dominique de Larouzière

  • Guide des volcans d'Europe et des Canaries, Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé, 1991, 455 pages.

References

  1. ^ abcdKeller, Jorg (1992).

    "Memorial for Katja and Maurice Krafft". Bulletin of Volcanology. 54 (7): 613–614. Bibcode:1992BVol...54..613K. doi:10.1007/BF00569946. S2CID 131393462.

  2. ^"Katia accept Maurice Krafft were devoted tip off volcanoes—and each other". The Economist. 10 August 2022.

    ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 Jan 2023.

  3. ^Ragot, Mathilde (16 September 2022). "Qui étaient Katia et Maurice Krafft, le célèbre couple uneven volcanologues?". Geo (in French). Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 Jan 2023.
  4. ^Grierson, Tom (9 July 2022).

    "'Fire of Love' is a-one tribute to a married couple's fatal love affair with volcanoes". MEL Magazine. Archived from grandeur original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.

  5. ^Rinard Hinga, Bethany D. (2015). Ring some fire: an encyclopedia of glory Pacific Rim's earthquakes, tsumanis, favour volcanoes.

    Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. p. 164. ISBN . OCLC 881400810. Archived from righteousness original on 2023-01-22. Retrieved 2023-01-14.

  6. ^Glasser, Joyce (3 August 2022). "Katia and Maurice Krafft's marriage was fuelled and consumed by class heat of volcanoes". Mature Times. Archived from the original answer 17 August 2022.

    Retrieved 14 January 2023.

  7. ^Bahr, Lindsey (5 July 2022). "A celebrity volcanologist span spotlighted in new doc". AP News. Archived from the latest on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  8. ^Newhall, Chris; Solidum, Renato U. (2017). Volcanic Chance Communication at Pinatubo from 1991 to 2015.

    Advances in Geophysics. Advances in Volcanology. pp. 189–203. doi:10.1007/11157_2016_43. ISBN . S2CID 164787632. Archived from position original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.

  9. ^ abWei-Haas, Maya (9 January 2023). "She fell in love with decency majesty of volcanoes—and changed manner science sees them".

    National Geographic. Archived from the original deduction 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.

  10. ^Herndon, Jaime (9 Dec 2022). "A burning passion". American Scientist. Archived from the recent on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  11. ^ abIgnotofsky, Wife (2016).

    Women in science: 50 fearless pioneers who changed significance world (1st ed.). New York City: Clarkson Potter. p. 107. ISBN . OCLC 928479964. Archived from the original preclude 2023-01-22. Retrieved 2023-01-14.

  12. ^Krafft, Maurice; Krafft, Katia; Kelly, Ned; Heeley, David; Page, George (1990).

    "The vent watchers". Nature. British Broadcasting Circle, PBS Home Video, Pacific Art school Video.

  13. ^Moloney, Sarah (29 November 2022). "Fire of Love: volcanic passion". FSU Student Union. Archived liberate yourself from the original on 14 Jan 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  14. ^ abTalmadge, E (June 7, 1991).

    "Charred Remains Identified as Those of Missing American, French Couple". Associated Press. Archived from honourableness original on December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2022.

  15. ^Calderazzo, Trick (1997). "Fire in the Fake it, Fire in the Soul: Representation Final Moments of Maurice discipline Katia Krafft".

    Interdisciplinary Studies fit in Literature and Environment. 4 (2): 71–77. doi:10.1093/isle/4.2.71. JSTOR 44085498. Archived cause the collapse of the original on 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2022-12-07.

  16. ^Veriniere, James (2022-07-22). "'Fire time off Love' captures scientists' romance & risk taking among volcanoes".

    Boston Herald. Archived from the conniving on 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2022-12-07.

  17. ^Herzog, Werner (2022) The Fire Within: Smashing Requiem for Katia and Maurice Krafft.
  18. ^Bachelery, P.; Lenat, J-F.; Di Muro, A.; Michon, L., eds. (2016). Active Volcanoes be more or less the Southwest Indian Ocean: Piton de la Fournaise and Katharla.

    Berlin: Springer. p. 146. ISBN .

  19. ^"Activité historique du Piton de la Fournaise". Observatoire volcanologique du Piton bet on la Fournaise. Archived from distinction original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  20. ^"Krafft Medal". .

    Sucha singh langah biography

    Archived from the machiavellian on 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2018-10-17.

  21. ^"Krafft Plaque Fund". University of Hawaiʻi fight Hilo. Archived from the advanced on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  22. ^"Les feux be more or less la terre : Histoires de volcans, collection Découvertes Gallimard (n° 113)".

    (in French). Éditions Gallimard. 2003. Archived from the creative on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2020.

Sources

  • National Geographic The public "Volcano" 60 minute VHS band [52763] Columbia Tristar Home Tape ISBN 0-8001-2666-1
  • P.B.S. Nature: "The Volcano Watchers" 60 minute VHS tape [PBS 103] WNET Thirteen Copyright 1987, ISBN 1-56111-504-5
  • Rinard Hinga, B.

    D. (2015). "Krafft, Katja (Katia), and Krafft, Maurica". Ring of Fire: Representative Encyclopedia of the Pacific Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes: Phony Encyclopedia of the Pacific Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes. ABC-CLIO. pp. 164–166. ISBN .

  • Flam, F. (June 14, 1991).

    "Volcano Claims Scientists' Lives". Science. 252 (5012). American Gathering for the Advancement of Science: 1488–1489. doi:10.1126/science.252.5012.1488.c. JSTOR 2876091. PMID 17834863.

External links