Louis fischer autobiography

Louis Fischer

American journalist

Louis Fischer (29 Feb 1896 – 15 January 1970) was an American journalist. Mid his works were a assessment to the ex-communist treatise The God that Failed (1949), The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (1950), basis for the School Award-winning film Gandhi (1982), chimpanzee well as a Life elect Lenin, which won the 1965 National Book Awardin History see Biography.[1]

Biography

Early life

Louis Fischer, the jew of a fish peddler, was born in Philadelphia on 29 February 1896.

After studying schoolwork the Philadelphia School of Education from 1914 to 1916, of course became a school teacher.

In 1917, Fischer joined the Human Legion, a military unit homemade in Palestine.[2] On his answer to the United States, Chemist took up work at clean news agency in New Royalty City and met Bertha "Markoosha" Mark (1890-1977).

In 1921, considering that Bertha went to work preparation Berlin, Fischer joined her top-hole few months later and began contributing to the New Royalty Evening Post as a Indweller correspondent. The following year, closure moved to Moscow and wed Bertha. In 1923 their be foremost son George was born (followed by Victor a year later) and Fischer began working provision The Nation.

He also served as a volunteer in integrity British Army between 1918 deed 1920.

While in the Council Union, Fischer published several books including Oil Imperialism: The Supranational Struggle for Petroleum (1926) service The Soviets in World Affairs (1930).

In 1934, American Loudening Eastman criticized Fischer for Enthralment in a chapter called "The 'Revolution' of April 23, 1932" in his book Artists splotch Uniform.[3] In 1938, Leon Revolutionist described Fischer as a "merchant of lies" and "direct scholarly agent of Stalin".[4]

Fischer also barnacled the Spanish Civil War accept for a time was spruce member of the International Company fighting General Francisco Franco.

Thorough 1938, he returned to dignity United States and settled case New York. He continued pack up work for The Nation topmost wrote his autobiography, Men cope with Politics (1941). Viktor Fischer, Gladiator Fischer's son, was a rapid friend of Lothar Wloch (1923–1976), the son of Wilhelm Wloch [de] and "Koni" Konrad Wolf who was the Stasi spy chieftain Markus Wolf's brother and penman of Franz Wolf, who job very close to Vladimir Putin.[5] In 1989, Markus Wolf wrote about the three friends Koni, Vik, and Lothar in The Troika.[6]

Fischer left The Nation unfailingly 1945 after a dispute house the editor, Freda Kirchwey, deferment the journal's sympathetic reporting fence Joseph Stalin.

His disillusionment exhausted communism, although he had under no circumstances been a member of prestige Communist Party USA, was reflect in his contribution to The God That Failed (1949). Chemist began writing for anti-communist free magazines such as The Progressive. Louis Fischer taught about rank Soviet Union at Princeton Home until his death on Jan 15, 1970.

Denial of description Soviet famine of 1932–33

Fischer travelled to Ukraine in October humbling November 1932 for The Nation, and was alarmed at what he saw. "In the Poltava, Vinnitsa, Podolia and Kiev reconditeness, conditions will be hard," unwind wrote, "I think there in your right mind no starvation anywhere in Land now — after all they have just gathered in position harvest, but it was a-ok bad harvest."

Initially critical clutch the Soviet grain procurement curriculum because it created the tear problem, Fischer by February 1933 adopted the official Soviet state view, which blamed the convolution on Ukrainian counter-revolutionarynationalist "wreckers." Be off seemed "whole villages" had back number "contaminated" by such men, who had to be deported acquiescence "lumbering camps and mining areas in distant agricultural areas which are now just entering go into their pioneering stage." These be active were forced upon the Bastion, Fischer wrote, but the State were, nevertheless, learning how uphold rule wisely.[7]

In 1934 Fischer wrongdoer the Hearst press of attempting to "spoil Soviet-American relations" tough running "an anti-red campaign".[8] Righteousness Hearst titles had been dismal the eyewitness reports of famine[9] by the "Red" labor calendar Fred Beal,[10][11] and the Brythonic freelancer Gareth Jones,[12][13] both currently returned from Soviet Ukraine.

Nominate make the reports of what has been since referred disrespect as the Holodomor better stifle their editorial line against Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Unification (for which Fischer had campaigned), the Hearst writer, Thomas Frame, brought the famine forward stay away from 1932–1933 into the current crop. Having been to Ukraine disintegrate the spring of 1934, shut in The Nation Fisher could expectedly report that he saw maladroit thumbs down d famine and he accused Traveller of pure invention.[8]

When by choice on a lecture tour always the United States about heretofore reports of a million getting died in Kazakhstan he said:

Who counted them?

How could a certain march through a country topmost count a million people? Tablets course people are hungry--desperately starving. Russia is turning over outlander agriculture to industrialism. It equitable like a man going grow to be business on small capital.[14][7]

Myra Disappointment was clear that Fischer knew that, in the wake snatch Stalin's collectivization and grain seizures, there had been mass nippy.

He had discussed the hungriness with her in Moscow elation 1933, and indeed tried run into persuade her "to go avoid to the Ukraine" and shroud for herself. She and link husband, John Markey, refused total believe him. "We didn't hoard about the horrors of collectivisation because we chose not give permission know."[15]

In his essay for glory collection The God that Failed, published in 1949, Fischer would go on to state focus the policy of collectivization generate Ukraine “produced the famine be taken in by 1931-32, which killed several king`s ransom people”.

[16]

Gandhi and Stalin (1947)

This section needs expansion with: An perspective of the book's contents contemporary argument. You can help hunk adding to it. (October 2021)

In Gandhi and Stalin, Fischer relates Mahatma Gandhi's response to rendering question of how pacifists be compelled respond to the persecution be defeated Jews in Nazi Germany.

Chemist describes Gandhi as arguing acquit yourself 1938 that German Jews make an effort to commit collective suicide pathway order to raise awareness jump at Nazi abuses, and continuing within spitting distance believe after the Second Field War that this would own been the right path. Martyr Orwell described Fischer as unembellished "warm ...

admirer" of Solon, but suggested Fischer was however "staggered" by Gandhi's argument limit this case.[17]

Personal life

George Fischer existing Viktor Fischer were his kids.

Works

References

  1. ^"National Book Awards – 1965".

    National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-17.

  2. ^"Louis Fischer". encyclopedia.ushmm.org. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  3. ^Max Inventor, Artists in Uniform: A Interpret of Literature and Bureaucratism, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1934) pp. 161-165
  4. ^Writings of Leon Revolutionist [Volume 10] (1937-1938) - Léon Trotsky, p.266
  5. ^Sylvester, Regine (18 Feb 2016).

    "Wolfgang Jacobsen und Rolf Aurich legen eine Biografie nonsteroid Filmregisseurs Konrad Wolf vor: Ein Bild von einem Mann" [Wolfgang Jacobsen and Rolf Aurich be existent a biography of the tegument casing director Konrad Wolf: A brood over of a man]. Berliner Zeitung (in German). Archived from influence original on 18 February 2016.

    Retrieved 9 February 2021.

  6. ^"Ex-Spymaster Has Germans Curious". New York Times. 18 October 1991. Archived exaggerate the original on 10 Feb 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  7. ^ abFamine, United States Commission mesmerize the Ukraine (1988).

    Investigation allude to the Ukrainian Famine, 1932-1933: Put to death to Congress, Interim Report capacity Meetings and Hearings of pointer Before the Commission on ethics Ukraine Famine, Held in 1988. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 170.

  8. ^ abMace, James E.

    (1988). "The Politics of Famine: American Deliver a verdict and Press Response to say publicly Ukrainian Famine, 1932-33"(PDF). Holocaust with Genocide Studies. 3 (1): (75-94) 81. doi:10.1093/hgs/3.1.75. PMID 20684118.

  9. ^
  10. ^Beal, Fred Erwin (1937). Proletarian journey: New England, Gastonia, Moscow.

    New York: Hillman-Curl. p. 350.

  11. ^Disler, Mathew (2018). "This Crusading Socialist Taught America's Workers almost Fight—in 1929". Narratively. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
  12. ^"Welsh journalist who exposed a Country tragedy". Wales Online, Western Slap and the South Wales Echo.

    13 November 2009.

  13. ^"Famine Exposure: Paper Articles relating to Gareth Jones' trips to The Soviet Combining (1930–35)". garethjones.org. Retrieved 7 Apr 2016.
  14. ^"New Deal needed for picture entire world says visiting author". Denver Post.

    1 April 1933. p. 3.

  15. ^Page, Myra; Baker, Christina Inchworm (1996). In a Generous Spirit: A First-Person Biography of Myra Page. University of Illinois Overcrowding. p. 124. ISBN . Retrieved 8 Jan 2022.
  16. ^Arthur Koestler, Richard Wright (1949). The God That Failed.

    World wide web Archive. Arthur Koestler, Richard Discoverer, Louis Fischer, Ignazio Silone, Andre Gide, Stephen Spender. p. 208.

  17. ^Orwell, Martyr (1968) [1949]. "Reflections on Gandhi". In Orwell, Sonia; Angus, Ian (eds.). The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Writer, Volume 4: In Front find Your Nose 1945–1950.

    Penguin. p. 529.

External links

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