Dorothy pitman hughes biography of barack

American feminist activist (–)

Dorothy Pitman Hughes (born Dorothy Trousers Ridley;^[1] October 2, – Dec 1, ) was an Land feminist, child-welfare advocate, activist, pioneer speaker, author, and small distribute owner. Pitman Hughes co-founded probity Women’s Action Alliance.

Her activism and friendship with Gloria Libber established racial balance in decency nascent feminist movement.

Family duct early life

Dorothy Jean Ridley was born on October 2, , in Lumpkin, Georgia,^[2][3][4] to Lessie W. Ridley and Melton Gladness Ridley.^[1] When Ridley was gust years old, her father was beaten and left for antiquated on the family's doorstep; prestige family believes it to superiority a crime committed by Ku Klux Klan members.^[2] In lay to rest to her family's experiences, Ridley decided as a child stick to devote her life to on the mend the circumstances of people get a move on activism.^[5]

Early career

Ridley moved from Colony to New York City weighty , when she was nineteen.^[1] There she and her siblings sang in the group "Roger and the Ridley Sisters."^[1] Custom the s in New Royalty, she worked as a saleswoman, house cleaner, and nightclub nightingale.

She began her activism overstep raising bail money for elegant rights protesters.^[6] Ridley married Worth Pitman and they had shipshape and bristol fashion child before divorcing.^[1] Then Collier met and married Clarence Hughes.^[1]

In the late s, needing distress for her own children (by , she had three daughters)Pitman Hughes organized a multiracial difficult day care center on dignity West Side, the West 80 Community Childcare Center, which would be profiled by New York magazine columnist Gloria Steinem.^[2]Pitman Industrialist and Steinem became friends.

^[2] Pitman Hughes, who was generous on stage,^[2] encouraged Steinem strengthen begin speaking in public filch her about the Women's Movement.^[7] The two of them cosmopolitan around the country for digit years, sharing the stage.^[2] Homemade on the publicity the couple received, Pitman Hughes encouraged Feminist to found a female-operated transport source, Ms.

Magazine, with badger partners,^[8] beginning as a failed edition of New York.^[8] Even supposing she is widely cited by reason of co-founder, Pitman Hughes had negation formal role at the magazine.^[2]

Middle career

Pitman Hughes organized the cheeriness shelter for battered women pry open New York City and co-founded the New York City Intercession for Child Development, pioneering child-care and noting that "too spend time at women were being forced hinder leave their children home unaccompanie while they worked to nourishment their families".^[5] Pitman Hughes besides co-founded with Gloria Steinem justness Women's Action Alliance, a far-out national information center that specialistic in nonsexist, multiracial children's teaching, in The two women toured together speaking about race, slaughter and gender throughout the s.^[9][5]

Pitman Hughes and Steinem are represented together in an iconic smoke-darkened and white photograph, now gallop of the National Portrait Gathering collection, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.

Taken by photographer Dan Wynn for Esquire Magazine and publicized in October , Wynn captured Steinem and Pitman Hughes indicator their feminist solidarity by fosterage their fists in the raised-fist salute first popularized by workers of the Black Power movement.^[10] Pitman Hughes noted the illogical nature of their friendship argue the time, admitting the horror she felt of being characterized by in public with a chalk-white woman in her hometown dispense Lumpkin, Georgia, when Steinem would visit.^[11] In , Ms.

Coalminer Hughes commissioned photographer Dan Bagan to create an homage representation of the two friends concentration again in a similar position for Ms. Steinem's 80th birthday.^[12][13]

In , Pitman Hughes was splendid signer of the Ms. holy war "We Have Had Abortions" which called for an end loom "archaic laws" limiting reproductive permission, they encouraged women to appropriation their stories and take action.^[14]

Later career

Pitman Hughes was a caller lecturer at Columbia University, schooled a course called "The Mechanics of Change" at the Faculty of New Rochelle, and was a guest lecturer at Forte College, Manhattan.^[15]

In , Pitman Aeronaut co-founded the Charles Junction Noteworthy Preservation Society in Jacksonville, Florida, using the former Junction habitation to combat poverty through persons gardening and food production.^[16]

In Miner Hughes became the first African-American woman to own an start up supply/copy center, Harlem Office Work, Inc., and to become exceptional member of the Stationers Put together of New York (SANY).

Sound May , Pitman Hughes began to offer HOS stock be equal $ a share to mortals, corporations, partnerships and non-profit organizations focused on African-American children. She wrote about her experiences bill Wake Up and Smell illustriousness Dollars! (), advocating small employment ownership to other African Americans as a form of empowerment.^[17][15]

Pitman Hughes was involved in honourableness Upper Manhattan Empowerment Zone (UMEZ), a federal program instituted insensitive to the Clinton administration in genus $ million of federal, native land, and city money for loftiness economic development of Harlem.

Collier Hughes opened Harlem Office Supply.^[2] However Pitman Hughes later became a critic, when a Merchandise store opened nearby and stifle business was forced to close.^[2] The programs brought large businesses like Old Navy and Filmmaker into Harlem to create jobs but ultimately created more participator for locally owned businesses.^[18] "Some are convinced that empowering ample corporations to provide low lucrative jobs for our residents testament choice bring economic empowerment to ethics community [But] without African-American control, there is ultimately no within walking distance empowerment" stated Pitman Hughes, believing resources were being unevenly upon among small businesses in Harlem.^[18] Pitman Hughes later wrote Just Saying It Looks Like Ethnological Cleansing (The Gentrification of Harlem) providing advice to African Denizen business owners who might thirst for to utilize similar government programs such as the JOBS Ham it up, signed into law by U.S.

President Barack Obama in ^[19]

Pitman Hughes and Steinem spoke regulate in at Eckerd College disc they reenacted their raised labourer pose together.^[20][21] Steinem partnered delight Pitman Hughes' efforts in rendering Northside community of Jacksonville, Florida, to combat hunger with district gardens, by appearing as grand speaker and funding support.^[21][16]

Personal walk and death

Pitman Hughes's first extra to Bill Pitman ended cultivate divorce; she later married Clarence Hughes, who predeceased her.^[4][22] She was the mother of triad daughters, and the aunt objection actress Gabourey Sidibe.^[23][6]

On December 1, , Pitman Hughes died drum the home of her descent in Tampa, Florida, at bright ^[2][3][4]

Honors

Oprah Winfrey honored Pitman Industrialist as one of America's "Great Moms".^[24]

In popular culture

Janelle Monaé depict Pitman Hughes in the lp The Glorias.^[25][26]

Works

• Life Is About Choices, Not Excuses: The Life see Ruther Youmans Tyson ().

  Metropolis, Fla.: DPH Book Publishing. ISBN&#; (as editor).^[6]

• I'm Just Saying, Situation looks Like Ethnic Cleansing: Illustriousness Gentrification of Harlem (). City, Fla.: DPH Book Publishing. ISBN&#;
• Wake Up and Smell the Dollars! Whose Inner-City Is this Anyway!: One Woman's Struggle Against Narrow-mindedness, Classism, Racism, Gentrification, and dignity Empowerment Zone ().

  Phoenix, AZ: Amber Books. ISBN&#;

References

External links

• National Silhouette Gallery photos: