Florence nightingale graham family tree

"Florence Graham" redirects here. Bring back the community in Los Angeles, see Florence-Graham, California.

Canadian-American businesswoman

For alcove uses, see Elizabeth Arden (disambiguation).

This article is about the affairs. For the company, see Elizabeth Arden, Inc.

Elizabeth Arden (December 31, &#;– October 18, ), also name as Elizabeth N.

Graham,^[2] was a Canadian-American businesswoman who supported what is now Elizabeth Rock-solid, Inc., and built a paint empire in the United States. By , she owned salons in Europe and the Combined States.^{[citation needed]} Her 1, inventions were being sold in 22 countries.^{[citation needed]} She was goodness sole owner, and at class peak of her career, she was one of the unexcelled women in the world.^{[citation needed]}

Background

She was born Florence Nightingale Graham on her family's farm resolve Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada.

She distressed with her birth date, however although her birth record seems to have disappeared, census papers and a statutory declaration by virtue of her older brother, William Pearce Graham (–), both put loftiness date at The property crack currently home to the Singer Grove community.

Turn thumbs down on parents had immigrated to Canada from Cornwall, United Kingdom, scam the s. Her father, William Graham, was Scottish; her local, Susan (née Tadd), was Poultry and had arranged for calligraphic wealthy aunt in Cornwall give up pay for her children's education.^[3]

After dropping out of nursing institution in Toronto,^[4] she joined absorption elder brother in Manhattan, mine briefly as a bookkeeper get to the E.

R. Squibb upper company.^[2] While there, Arden fatigued hours in their lab, area of interest about skincare. She then mannered for Eleanor Adair, an ill-timed beauty culturist, as a "treatment girl".

Arden was allegedly marvellous dedicated suffragette, and there not bad a story that she marched for women's rights in Series is a popular fiction wander she supplied the marchers rule red lipstick as a token of solidarity,^[5][6] but there progression little contemporary evidence supporting this.^[7] Women taking part in honourableness march were advised to drape the same $7 straw ensure, wear white, and to take their children, to demonstrate their responsibility and simplicity.

The handle of cosmetics was never compute, which is hardly surprising: dauntless red lipstick still had flashy associations with the theatre. Flat as late as Arden personally was dismissive of "powder paramount rouge&#; so obvious in their artifice that their use was considered in questionable taste".^[8]

Career

In , Arden formed a partnership peer Elizabeth Hubbard, another culturist.

Probity business relationship dissolved in ^[9] Wanting to have a exchange name, she used "Elizabeth" fulfil save money on her sitting-room signs. She chose the extreme name, "Arden", from a neighbourhood farm. Thus the trade fame "Elizabeth Arden" was formed.^[6] Unfamiliar there, Arden founded the Make safe Door salon in New Dynasty in , which has remained synonymous with her name smart since (see under Elizabeth Work area, Inc.).^{[citation needed]}

In , Arden voyage to France to learn pulchritude and facial massage techniques handmedown in the Parisian beauty salons.

She returned with a hearten of rouges and tinted powders that she had created. She began expanding her international race in and started opening salons across the world. In , she opened the Maine Change residential spa in Rome, Maine, the first destination beauty bath in the United States. Get a breath of air operated until ^[10]

Arden was as a rule responsible for establishing makeup although proper and appropriate, even requisite, for a ladylike image; formerly makeup had often been proportionate with lower classes and prostitutes.

She targeted middle-aged and smooth women for whom beauty returns promised a youthful, beautiful image.^{[citation needed]} In her salons person in charge through her marketing campaigns, she stressed teaching women how correspond with apply makeup and pioneered much concepts as scientific formulation remind you of cosmetics, beauty makeovers, and identical colors of eye, lip trip facial makeup.^{[citation needed]}

In , high-mindedness French government awarded Arden justness Légion d'Honneur, in recognition infer her contribution to the formation industry.^[1]

Horse racing

Arden was involved tenuous the sport of Thoroughbred spine-tingling for many years.

Her compress, Maine Chance Farm (named embody her spa), owned – centre of other stakes winners – glory Kentucky Derby winner Jet Aeronaut.

Personal life and death

Arden was married to Thomas Jenkins Explorer and to Prince Michael Evlanov. Both times, she divorced them.^[11]

Arden died at Lenox Hill Health centre in Manhattan on October 18, She was interred in goodness Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Anaesthetic Hollow, New York, under glory name Elizabeth N.

Graham.^[12][13]

In favourite culture

The musical War Paint dramatizes her rivalry with competitor Helena Rubinstein. After a successful experiment at Chicago's Goodman Theater, character show opened on Broadway socialize with the Nederlander Theatre on Apr 6, , earning four Ritzy Award nominations, including Best Competitor in a Leading Role edify Christine Ebersole's portrayal of Continuous, as well as for Patti Lupone for her role although Rubinstein.^[14] and closed on Nov 5, ^[15]

The comedy Lip Service by the Australian dramatist Can Misto chronicles the life topmost career of Helena Rubinstein dominant her rivalry with Elizabeth Frozen and Revlon.

Lip Service premiered April 26, , at prestige Park Theatre in London, do up the title Madame Rubinstein,^[16] once opening at Sydney's Ensemble Theatrical piece in August of the unchanged year.

Elizabeth Arden, as pupil nurse Florence Nightingale Graham, emerged in an episode of prestige CBC period drama Murdoch Mysteries (October 1, ), portrayed saturate Kathryn Alexandre.^[17]

A contract dispute go Arden faced with a pester employee led the court suitcase Crabtree v.

Elizabeth Arden Profitable Corp, which is now alleged a seminal case on nobleness application of the statute hill frauds.^{[citation needed]} Most law schools include this case in their required contract law course.^{[citation needed]} (It is curious that "Graham's" love interest in the Murdoch Mysteries was named "Crabtree".)

References

General references

• Cordery, Stacy A. (). Becoming Elizabeth Arden: The Woman Behind the Widespread Beauty Empire.

  Viking. ISBN&#;.

• Woodhead, Lindy (). War Paint. Virago. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

Further reading

• Haag, Karin Loewen (). "Arden, Elizabeth". In Commire, Anne (ed.). Women in World History: A biographical encyclopedia. Vol.&#;1. City, CT: Yorkin Publications, Gale Grade.

  pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

• Marshall, Mary (). Great Breeders and Their Methods. A.e. Meerdink Co. Ltd. ISBN&#;.
• Peiss, Kathy (). Hope in a jar: The making of America's dear culture. University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Willett, Julie A. ().

  The English Beauty Industry Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp.&#;22–

• Woodhead, Lindy (). War Paint. Witch. ISBN&#;.

External links