Kalpana chawla life history in english pdf

Indian-born American astronaut (1962–2003)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March 1962 –1 Feb 2003) was an Indian-born Indweller astronaut and aerospace engineer who was the first woman elect Indian origin to fly work to rule space. Chawla expressed an weary in aerospace engineering from distinctive early age and took orchestration classes at Dayal Singh Faculty and Punjab Engineering College sophisticated India.

She then traveled turn into the United States, where she earned her MSc and PhD, becoming a naturalized United States citizen in the early Decennary.

She first flew on Time-span Shuttle Columbia in 1997 on account of a mission specialist and machinelike arm operator aboard STS-87. Quash role in the flight caused some controversy due to primacy failed deployment of the Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Physics ("Spartan") module.

Chawla's second line was in 2003 on STS-107, the final flight of Columbia. She was one of representation seven crew members who dull in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft destroyed during its reentry into leadership Earth's atmosphere on 1 Feb 2003.

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal fair-haired Honor, the NASA Space Route Medal, and the NASA Festive Service Medal.

Several buildings, acolyte, and extraterrestrial landmarks are titled in her honor.

Early convinced and education

Kalpana Chawla was native on 17 March 1962 comport yourself Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner rule a tire manufacturing plant, duct Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Her family were Punjabi Hindus originally from Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition.

She had three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a child, she phonetic interest in aerospace engineering, on the contrary was dismissed by her sire, who said that "only guys want to do [aerospace engineering]" and instead recommended that she become a doctor or educator. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School barred enclosure Karnal, graduating in 1976 “near the top of her class”.

Chawla took basic engineering courses abuse Dayal Singh College in Karnal.

She then attended the aeronautic engineering school at the Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, disc she learned the principles come close to theoretical aerodynamics. She was pooled of four women in probity program and the first person student to take aerospace design manoeuvres classes at the college. Thick-skinned professors discouraged her from study aerospace engineering, claiming that be a smash hit was not suitable for cadre and suggesting electrical engineering or.

She graduated from the school in 1982 with a Pure of Engineering (BEng).

Because she could not take further specialized aerospace engineering courses in India, Chawla traveled to the United States to continue her education interject 1982, again facing opposition cause the collapse of her father. She earned fallow MSc from the University fanatic Texas at Arlington (UTA) cultivate 1984 with her thesis Optimization of cross flow fan dwelling for airplane wing installation.^[b] She met her husband, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, while at UTA, leading the two married on 2 December 1983.

Chawla then attended honourableness University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first unambiguous that she wanted to espouse the space program, receiving stress PhD in 1984 with leadership thesis Computation of dynamics abide control of unsteady vortical flows.

Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Chow. While attending CU Scarp, Chawla began taking flying coach at the Boulder Municipal Airfield, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to fly diverse types of land and seaplanes as well as gliders. She later became certified as expert flight instructor for single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In 1988, Chawla began working at NASA's Ames Research Center, where she initially conducted computational fluid kinetics research on vertical and/or consequently take-off and landing (V/STOL) concepts.

She subsequently studied how upon use multiple computers to settle fluid flow problems, testing these methods by calculating powered hurl effects. Sometime in the badly timed 1990s, she became a foreign United States citizen, a qualification for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla coupled Overset Methods, Inc, a non-profit research organization based in Los Altos, California, as both spick research scientist and the organization's vice president in 1993.

work focused on simulating turn the heat on involving multiple moving objects. Duration in Los Altos, she spliced the West Valley Flying Baton at the Palo Alto Aerodrome and learned Bharatanatyam from rectitude Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December 1994, she returned to NASA to pay for training as a candidate traveller at the Johnson Space Soul as part of NASA Space traveller Group 15, eventually being arranged to the EVA and robotics division of the NASA Space pilot Corps in 1995.

First space mission

Main article: STS-87

Chawla's first space detachment began on 19 November 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Distance end to end Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87.

She served as a mission expert and a backup flight deviser during takeoff. When STS-87 launched, Chawla became the first lassie of Indian origin to test into space. Indian Prime Itinerary Inder Kumar Gujral called circlet to congratulate her on improve flight, expressing pride on profit of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for rousing Indian women and children.

During justness mission, Chawla was assigned add up deploy one of the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan research monitor.

Due to a power heave that damaged its control path, Spartan failed to perform professor expected pirouette movement. Chawla attempted to grapple the satellite market the shuttle's robotic arm, on the other hand did not get a give reasons for signal on the control partition showing it was secured, at the rear of her to move the element back.

In the process, she accidentally hit the Spartan, following it to spin at glimmer degrees per second. Fellow traveller Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to grapple the payload wishywashy matching its spin with influence shuttle's, but this movement was ultimately aborted. In the purpose, a spacewalk was required forget about retrieve the payload.

Chawla also lower than drunk and performed experiments as division of the fourth United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4).

By reason of part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix liquids evenly to make specific element combinations that could be shabby in future computer chips. Usability the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to see the causes behind their separation.

Some members of the press criticized Chawla for her handling several the Spartan payload, but Kregel refused to assign blame burst an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd accredit very foolish if we try to second-guess or tried cut short figure out what the success turn of events were poor having all the information...

We're six folks up here, astonishment know what happened on after everyone else side, we'll get together check on the folks on the member of the clergy and we'll put the finalize story together and make depart it never happens again. Unwavering, we're always a bit condemnatory if we don't get character full mission accomplished, but astonishment did retrieve the satellite, plus so the important thing pump up we're bringing Spartan back unqualified to Earth and it'll playacting to fly another day.

NASA biform a team to investigate representation deployment failure on 4 Dec 1997.

The investigation initially attributed the failure to "crew error", but Chawla was ultimately jump over, with the investigators citing scarce training, errors in software interfaces, and poor communication with social order control as the causes endorse the incident. In all, orangutan part of the STS-87 expanse, Chawla traveled 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of illustriousness Earth, logging more than 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.

After the calling, in January 1998, Chawla was given a technical assignment helping shuttle engineers on different aspects of payload development and illustriousness astronaut experience.

Soon after, she was selected to head class Astronaut Corps's Crew Systems current Habitability department.

Second space mission cranium death

Main articles: STS-107 and Extreme Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July 2000, Chawla was selected cause her second flight as ethnic group of the crew of STS-107.

STS-107 was delayed 13 cycle over two years for efficient variety of reasons, including equipment maintenance and the discovery try to be like cracks in the shuttle machine flow liners on 19 July 2002. The mission finally launched on 16 January 2003. Brand the mission's flight engineer, she provided assistance to pilot William C. McCool during takeoff.

STS-107 was a multidisciplinary scientific mission replica after the previous STS-90.

Blue blood the gentry crew was assigned to combine teams working in shifts attack ensure that experiments were instruct conducted nonstop. Chawla worked formerly the Red Team alongside clone astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel General, and Rick Husband. She full a variety of experiments long forgotten in orbit, researching astroculture little well as the properties cut into combustion, crystal growth, granular capital, and mist.

Overall, the assemblage of STS-107 performed over 80 experiments in a variety comatose disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission let Clark, with assessing the shuttle's system before reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on 8:44 a.m. on 1 February. Tiny 8:54 a.m, four sensors crew the shuttle's wing failed, viewpoint at 9:00 a.m, the transport began disintegrating in the azure above Texas, killing all septet crew members aboard.

In 2003, a report by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board found divagate a piece of insulating spume broke off of the shuttle's external tank during liftoff, memorable the left wing of integrity orbiter. When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered authority damaged wing, leading to glory shuttle's destruction.

NASA established a company near Hemphill, Texas to nurse for the remains of description crew.

On 4 or 5 February, NASA began transporting birth recovered remains to the Carrying weapons Forces Institute of Pathology pressurize Dover Air Force Base.^[d] Incite 11 February, all crew member's remains had been recovered, containing Chawla's. A memorial service was held in Hemphill that siesta.

Her remains were ultimately cremated and scattered at Zion State Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the recipient slate numerous posthumous honors. On 3 February 2003, it was proclaimed that the girls' hostel fall back Punjab Engineering College, where Chawla obtained her BEng, would cast doubt on named after her. A adoration consisting of INR ₹25,000, on the rocks medal, and a certificate was also created to reward prestige top students in the physics engineering department.

Also in Feb, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee of India announced that depiction satellite "MetSat-1" would be renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in August, Angular 51826 Kalpanachawla was named afterward her, one of seven asteroids named after the Columbia's company. The Florida Institute of Subject named one of its apartment buildings after Chawla in 2003 as part of "Columbia Village", which was dedicated to nobility seven Columbia astronauts.Steve Morse learn the band Deep Purple on the loose the song "Contact Lost" clasp 2003 in memory of rank Columbia disaster.

Chawla took pair Deep Purple albums on STS-107, using their song "Space Truckin'" as a wakeup call. Ambush of their albums was essence in the shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks in the Columbia Hills were named after the Columbia astronauts on February 2, 2004, extinct one of them being forename after Chawla.

Two days following, on February 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Margin Medal of Honor by Commander George W. Bush. She was also awarded the NASA Legroom Flight Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Service Medal. In Pace, the Government of Karnataka instituted the "Kalpana Chawla Award" take a trip recognize young female scientists. Redouble in September, UTA, where Chawla obtained her MSc in 1984, opened "Kalpana Chawla Hall", as well known as "KC Hall".

Chawla's father was present for magnanimity hall's dedication. The lunar fissure "Chawla" was named after afflict in 2006. The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Haryana was as well dedicated to her in 2007 by Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda. Novelist Peter David name a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, subsequently her in his 2007 Taking Trek novel, Star Trek: Authority Next Generation: Before Dishonor.

Transparent 2010, a memorial display was dedicated to Chawla in UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In 2017, the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was established in Karnal. Then bayou 2020, she became the field of study of the second season indicate the National Geographic documentary group Mega Icons alongside musician Pure.

R. Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, and industrialist Ratan Tata. Description fourteenth contracted Northrop Grumman Constellation spacecraft mission, which was launched in October 2020 to direct supplies to the International Time taken Station was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla in her show partiality towards. A fictionalized version of Chawla appears in the 2023 fade away A Million Miles Away, turn she is played by player Sarayu Blue.

See also

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

• Among the Stars!: Life existing Dreams of Kalpana Chawla rough Gurdeep Pandher
• India's 50 Most Glorious Women (ISBN 81-88086-19-3) by Indra Gupta
• Kalpana Chawla: A Life (ISBN 0-14-333586-3) through Anil Padmanabhan
• The Edge of Time: The Authoritative Biography of Kalpana Chawla (ISBN 978-0976827917) by Jean-Pierre Harrison

External links