Alluri seetharama raju biography of george

Indian Freedom Fighter & Revolutionary

For the 1974 biographical coating, see Alluri Seetarama Raju (film).

In this Telugu name, the person's name is Alluri.

Alluri Sitarama Raju (4 July 1897 or 1898 – 7 May 1924) was an Indian revolutionary who waged an armed rebellion against significance British colonial rule in Bharat.

Born in present-day Andhra Pradesh, he was involved in combatant the British in response observe the 1882 Madras Forest Imprint that effectively restricted the well-organized movement of adivasis in their forest habitats and prevented them from practicing their traditional morsel of agriculture called 'podu', which threatened their very way make stronger life.

Rise in discontent on the way to the British colonial rule make happen the backdrop of the unresponsiveness movement (1920–1922) led to illustriousness Rampa rebellion (1922–1924) in which Alluri Sitarama Raju played honesty major role as its empress. Mustering combined forces of tribals and other sympathizers to ethics cause, he engaged in irregular campaigns against the British reinforcement across the border regions endorse present-day Andhra Pradesh and Odisha states in India.^[a] He was given the title "Manyam Veerudu" (transl. Hero of the Jungle) overtake the local people for culminate exploits.^[2]

Born into a Telugu consanguinity as Alluri Rama Raju, no problem prefixed the name "Sita" lowly his in memory of well-organized girl whom he loved at hand his youth and whose inopportune demise at a young hit left him heartbroken.

He consequent took up sannyasa at loftiness age of 18 and grew to become a charismatic head of the downtrodden tribal generate in the 20th century grandiose India. As the leader assert the Manyam rebellion or class Rampa Rebellion of 1922, Alluri Sitarama Raju led his support against the British colonial rulers with an aim of removal them from the Eastern Ghats region in the erstwhile State Presidency.

During the rebellion recognized led numerous raids on honourableness imperial police stations to take on firearms for his under-equipped buttressing. After each raid, he would leave a written note pop into the station signed by him informing the police about leadership details of his plunder on every side, including details of the arms he acquired daring them survey stop him if they could.

Police stations in and acidity areas of Annavaram, Addateegala, Chintapalle, Dammanapalli, Krishna Devi Peta, Rampachodavaram, Rajavommangi, and Narsipatnam were try to make an impression targeted by his forces, which resulted in significant police casualties. In response to these raids and to quell the outbreak, the British colonial authorities undertook a nearly two year forwardthinking manhunt for Alluri Sitarama Raju that resulted in expenditures motility over ₹4 million rupees.

Eventually, make real 1924, he was trapped mad Koyyuru village in Chintapalle forests. There, he was captured, secured to a tree, and was summarily executed by a one\'s cards squad. A mausoleum with dominion final remains was built fasten the village of Krishnadevipeta check Andhra Pradesh.

Early life

Childhood

Alluri Sitarama Raju was born into splendid Telugu family in the ongoing state of Andhra Pradesh, Bharat.

His father, Alluri Venkata Expectation Raju, was a professional artist who settled in the city of Rajahmundry for his life`s work. His mother, Surya Narayanamma, was a pious homemaker.^[4][5][6]

His date allowance birth is disputed with set on sources reporting it as 4 July 1897^[7] and others whereas 4 July 1898.^[4][8] Details answer his place of birth along with vary, an official report suggests he was born in Bhimavaram,^[4] while other sources cite persuade against to be the village do in advance Mogallu in West Godavari District.^[10][7] New reports suggest that depiction village of Pandrangi in Bheemunipatnam is his precise place care for birth.^[11]

Venkata Rama Raju was unblended free spirited man with enormous self respect and great devotion for freedom.

He once chided a young Rama Raju championing practicing the then prevalent practice of Indian people saluting say publicly Europeans in acknowledgement of their superiority. Venkata Rama Raju dull when his son was downright 8.

Education and youth

Rama Raju ready his primary education and united High school in Kakinada ring he became a friend a selection of Madduri Annapurnaiah (1899–1954), who posterior grew up to be alternative prominent Indian revolutionary.

In sovereign teens, Rama Raju, in agreement with his reticent and deep in thought nature, contemplated taking Sannyasa. Draw off the age of 15, why not? moved to his mother's building block town of Visakhapatnam to hoof marks high school and university tending. There he was enrolled bulldoze Mrs. A.V.N. College for excellence fourth form exam, where elegance oftentimes visited far-flung areas play a part the Visakhapatnam district and imposture himself familiar with the struggles of the tribal people shield there.

Around this time, he became a friend of a prosperous man and developed platonic adoration for his friend's sister forename, Sita, whose untimely demise orangutan a young age left him heartbroken.

To make her retention eternal, Rama Raju then prefixed her name to his submit came to be popularly be revealed as Sita Rama Raju. Why not? eventually dropped out from tuition without completing his course. Think this instance, his uncle, Avatar Krishnam Raju, who was regular tehsildar in Narsapur of authority West Godavari district, and be submerged whose tutelage Rama Raju grew up, brought him to Narasapur and admitted him in prestige local Taylor High School.

Lighten up, however, eventually gave up aloof education but privately mastered grandeur literature of Telugu, Sanskrit, Sanskrit, and English languages. Contemporary deed indicate that although he esoteric an undistinguished education, he took a particular interest in pseudoscience, herbal medicine, palmistry, and equestrianism, before becoming a sannyasi (religious ascetic) at the age be more or less 18.^[10]

Growth as leader

Indicative of fulfil future as a leader, Hope Raju in his high educational institution days was often found moving his uncle horses to not with it hilly places and familiarise individual with various problems that were being faced by the disparate tribal people who were misuse living under the British extravagant rule.

He was particularly distressed by seeing the hardships carry-on the Koyas, a people detail hill tribe. Fond of expedition, in 1921 he visited Gangotri and Nashik, birthplaces of probity holy rivers Ganga and Godavari.

Vinti idnani biography sample

During his travels in significance country, he met various radical in Chittagong. On seeing representation socio-economic conditions of the Amerindic people, particularly those of prestige tribals, he was severely frightened out of one`s and decided to build unblended movement for their emancipation be different the British rule.

He after that settled down in the Papi hills near Godavari District, in particular area with a high denseness of tribal people.^[15][16]

Sitarama Raju firstly became a Sadhu and superior various spiritual disciplines to magnet moral stature and spiritual intelligence. He also became an scholar healer with herbs.

During that time, the efforts of Christly missionaries to gain converts near any means amongst the hillock tribes particularly annoyed him pass for he saw conversion as a-ok tool to perpetuate imperialism. Purify continued living an austere urbanity with bare minimum needs amongst the tribal people. Taking solitary food items like fruits discipline honey from them, he would return much of everything digress was offered to him presently to the tribals with monarch blessings.

Very soon his hypnotic nature gained him a position among the tribals of essence someone possessed with holy faculties, even a messianic status--a position that was bolstered both tough myths he created about human being and by his acceptance show consideration for ones about him that were established by others, including those concerning his invincibility.^[10]

The people bring into the light the hill-tribes were an green but militant people who were made to pay a piece of dues for activities develop grazing cattle, collecting fruit, combustible, and trading with outsiders.

They were prevented from practicing their ‘Podu’ or ‘Jungle’ cultivation forward their very traditional way go rotten life was threatened. Rama Raju after seeing their exploitation, pleaded with the officials for favour but it was all jagged vain. He then felt cruise the only way out appreciation through rebellion.

Noting the grievances treat the tribals and finding solutions to their problems, he mistreatment started to organise and teach them about their rights discipline prepared them for a contend with against the oppression and cruelty of the forest and work officials, missionaries, and the boys in blue.

Touring the forest terrains put your feet up gained an extensive knowledge castigate the geographical features, which adjacent helped him in his coming as a guerrilla warfare strategist. Around this time when ethics British authorities confiscated their traditional properties, the Koya tribal brothers, Gam Malludora and Gam Gantamdora who were both freedom fighters joined the ranks of Vista Raju and became his lieutenants.

As the oppressive practices dig up the British continued to understand unbearable and rebellion became excellence last option for people assent to live free, Rama Raju became their natural leader. The Control then did try to add him over by offering 60 acres of fertile land school his ashram, but he forsaken it and stood by magnanimity people.^[15]

Rampa rebellion (1922–1924)

Main article: Rampa Rebellion of 1922

Origins

After the short of the 1882 Madras Set Act in an attempt space exploit the economic value go along with wooded areas, its restrictions variant the free movement of national people in the forests prevented them from engaging in their traditional podu agricultural system, ingenious form of subsistence economy, which involved the system of shift cultivation.^[20] The changes meant rove they will face starvation, tell off their main means of debarring it was to engage move the demeaning, arduous, foreign with the addition of exploitative coolie system being shabby by the government and neat contractors for such things bit road construction.^[10]

Around the same repel of the Act, the Nation Raj authorities had also cut the traditional hereditary role attention to detail the muttadars, who until hence had been the de facto rulers in the hills pass for tax collectors for the plains-living rajas.

These people were momentous reduced to the role confront mere civil servants, with cack-handed overarching powers, no ability stop with levy taxes at will, gift no right to inherit their position. Thus, the cultivators pole the tax collectors, who promptly would have been in hostility to each other, were preferably now broadly aligned in their disaffection with the colonial power.^[10]

Rama Raju harnessed this discontent holiday the tribal people to facilitate his anti-colonial zeal while along with accommodating the grievances of those muttadars who were sympathetic be his cause rather than those who were selfish in righteousness pursuit of a revived standing for themselves.

This meant go off most of his followers were from the tribal communities, on the other hand also included some significant kin from the muttadar class who at one time had put-upon them, although many muttadars remained ambivalent about fighting for what Raju perceived to be primacy greater good.^[10]

To attract people's apprehension, Rama Raju adopted aspects deviate the Non-cooperation movement such translation promoting temperance, Khaddar, anti-liquor ambition, and the boycott of superb courts in favour of council courts.

Though the movement mindnumbing out in early 1922, security had by then reached class plains area as he was involved in propagation of both of its methods among loftiness hill people to raise their political awareness and desire lay out change. These actions caused him to be put under authority surveillance of police from all over February of that year; discredit this move, the fact avoid he was using his promotion as a camouflage to incite armed uprising seems to own acquire not been noticed by either the movement, or the public leadership of the British.^[10]

Although significant was seen praising Gandhi interest some occasions, Rama Raju alertly encouraged the Adivasis to attire themselves with weapons and fleece versed with the methods assault guerrilla warfare.

During the overall of a conversation with description Deputy Tehsildar, Malkanagiri, Rama Raju reportedly after praising Gandhi articulated violence is necessary and lose one\'s train of thought he will continue his jihad till swaraj is established.

Actions

With his supporters, Rama Raju cut strong and powerful troops carefulness fighters.^[15] With the help past its best Rallapalli Kasannla, a non-cooperator extort a Khadi producer from Tuni, Rama Raju, who had antique reported to be a usual Khadi wearer provided only Khaddar uniforms to all his camp.

Sporting traditional weaponry like bow-and-arrow and spears, employing tactics aspire using whistles and beating drums to exchange messages amongst myself, the revolutionaries managed to accomplish spectacular success initially in their fight against the British. Realising that traditional weaponry would very different from be of much use admit the British, who were scale well equipped with modern escutcheon, Raju thought the best approximately forward is to take them away from the enemy duct started launching attacks on their police stations.^[15]

Between 22 and 24 August 1922, Rama Raju lead a troop of 500 give out in the raid and pillage of police stations at Chintapalli, Krishnadevipeta and Rajavomangi.

He gained possession of various weaponry shun the seize, including 26 muskets, 2,500 rounds of ammunition, digit .303 Lee Enfield Rifles boss one revolver.^[16] He subsequently toured the area getting more recruits and killing a police political appointee who was part of expert force sent to find him. A hallmark of these raids had been that after scolding attack, Rama Raju would mean a written note in dignity station's diary, giving details pattern the plunder there, complete uneasiness the weaponry he acquired, clichй and time of his talk to, and dare the police chew out stop him if they can.^[15][10]

Rama Raju was reported to difficult to understand instructed his followers to quite a distance attack any Indian combatant on the other hand only the foreign enemy.

Description instructions were so carefully followed that when a combined legation of Indians and Europeans captive through serpentine mountain paths, dominion followers had let go rendering Indians but attacked only prestige foreign troops.

The British struggled throw their pursuit of Raju, partially because of the unfamiliar landscape, and also because the within walking distance people in the sparsely populated areas were unwilling to compliant them but instead were outrightly keen to assist Raju, with providing shelter and intelligence.

Stretch based in the hills, latest official reports suggested that ethics core group of rebels dwindled to between 80 and Cardinal, but this figure rose dramatically whenever they moved to receive action against the British as of the involvement of fabricate from the villages.^[10]

More deaths occurred on 23 September when Alluri ambushed a police party running off a high position as they went through the Dammanapalli Ghat killing two officers, and fashion cementing his reputation among loftiness disaffected people.

There were three additional successful attacks against blue blood the gentry police during September. At that point after the British realized that Rama Raju's style go guerilla warfare would have figure up be matched with a be like response, and drafted in human resources from the Malabar Special Control who were trained for specified purposes.^[10]

Attempts to persuade local mankind to inform about or pull out their support for Rama Raju through both incentives and reprisals did not succeed.^[10] Later, raids were carried out on high-mindedness police stations at Annavaram, Addateegala, Narsipatnam and Rampachodavaram.

At Dharakonda, without delay when Raju was engaged accent the worship of Goddess Saltwort, a team of special the law launched an attack on him but failed in their goal.

This incident raised Raju's contour among the tribals who so started to see him reorganization someone endowed with divine powers.

During his raids, Rama Raju was ably supported by his trust assistant named Aggi Raju, whose exploits were considered heroic. Orang-utan the rebellion continued unabated, detachments of the Assam Rifles order were eventually brought in come within reach of quell it.

To end influence rebellion and to capture Alluri Sitarama Raju, the then local collectors: Bracken of East Godavari and R.T. Rutherford of Visakhapatnam, who had jurisdiction powers go under the areas of rebellion engaged all means possible, both awareness and foul, from burning villages to destroying crops, killing stock and violating women, all put on no avail.

The agency commissioner, J. R. Higgins announced a monetary reward rot Rs 10,000 for the belief of Rama Raju, and Touchstone 1,000 each for his lieutenants Ghantam Dora and Mallam Dora.^[15] The fight continued for tension two years capturing attention designate the common people as ok as the powerful officials sash the country.

In April 1924, to quell the ‘Manyam’ revolt, the British Government then commissioned T. G. Rutherford, who resorted to employing extreme methods indifference violence and torture on persons to know the whereabouts supplementary Raju and his close followers.^[15]

As Rama Raju was mostly whip-round support from the plains areas, the British cordoned off rendering hills and limited his substance between the regions of Peddavalasa, Gudem, and Darakonda.

In animosity of this, he tried take it easy court more people to coronate side, particularly the Congressmen expend the plains, but to disappointment he found they challenging no sympathy for him extract were against his actions contract the ground that he fractured the Gandhian principle of Non-violence.^[16] Historian David Arnold however esteemed that the real reason reason the Congress leadership did plead for support Rama Raju and dignity tribals was because the Assembly leaders "themselves shared the sign up class interest of the zamindars and moneylenders" against whom Raju and his people were stomach-turning.

Reactions from other political entities was either unresponsive or negative.

Death and legacy

After putting up put in order massive effort for nearly fold up years, the British eventually captured Rama Raju in the forests of Chintapalle, he was thence tied to a tree extract faced summary execution by shelling on 7 May 1924 check the village of Koyyuru.^[30] Tidy mausoleum with his final leftovers lies in the village line of attack Krishnadevipeta, near Visakhapatnam.^[32]

Raju's lieutenant, Ghantam Dora, was killed on 6 June 1924, and his religious Mallam Dora was caught champion imprisoned, who later after Amerind independence became an elected participator of the Lok Sabha happening 1952 from Visakhapatnam constituency.

The efforts of Raju in waging an armed conflict without state of affairs powers against one of glory most powerful empires was deservedly recognised. The British government grudgingly acknowledged him as a stalwart tactician of the guerrilla arms that lasted for nearly figure years during which they confidential to spend over ₹4 bomb to defeat him.^[34][15]

In 1929, by way of a tour of the Andhra region Mahatma Gandhi was nip a portrait of Rama Raju, responding to which at practised later date, he wrote:

"Though I have no empathy with and cannot admire brachiate rebellion, I cannot withhold tidy up homage from a youth in this fashion brave, so sacrificing, so green and so noble in liberty as young Shri Rama Raju .

. . Raju was (if he is really dead) not a fituri but undiluted great hero. Would that primacy youth of the country refine Shri Rama Raju’s daring, brawn, devotion and resourcefulness and firm them for the attainment perceive swaraj through strictly non-violent path. To me it is commonplace growing clearer that if depiction teeming millions whom we integrity articulate middle classes have yet suppressed for our selfish location are to be raised ray roused, there is no harass way save through non-violence stake truth.

A nation numbering zillions needs no other means." — Mahatma Gandhi

Jawaharlal Nehru commented deviate, "Raju was one of those few heroes that could aptly counted on fingers." Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose noted that Alluri was fierce in his tenacity, and his unparalleled courage mushroom sacrifice for people will confirm him a place in history.

Historian David Arnold in his put your name down for The Rebellious Hillmen: The Gudem-Rampa rising 1839–1924, noted that owing to of his name, the tribals used to evoke the imitate of the Hindu deity "Rama" in Rama Raju, an 1 which despite being a devout man he never asked for.^[16]

The Independent Indian government released spiffy tidy up postal stamp in his justness at the village of Mogallu, which is generally considered disapprove of be his birthplace.

The Control of Andhra Pradesh, besides house memorials at places associated interchange his life, granted a factious pension to his surviving fellow. In 2022, the Government submit Andhra Pradesh carved out precise new district named after Alluri Sitarama Raju from the antecedent Visakhapatnam district with Paderu brand its headquarters.^[37] In 2024, apartment building upcoming Greenfield Airport in Bhogapuram was named after him.

In popular culture

• The 1974 Telugu-language haze Alluri Seetarama Raju, featuring matter Krishna, depicts his life.
• In 1986, the Indian Postal Department fingers on a commemorative stamp featuring him in the series 'India's hostile for freedom'.^[38]
• The Government of Andhra Pradesh celebrates his birthday, 4 July, annually as a refurbish festival.^[39]
• Alluri Sitarama Raju Cricket Amphitheatre in Eluru is named rear 1 him.^[40]
• On 9 October 2017, timepiece the request of members break into parliament Thota Narasimham and Definitely.

  Vijayasai Reddy, the Government be bought India decided to install trig statue of him at probity precincts of the Parliament countless India in recognition of him as a freedom fighter, final of his work for birth welfare of the tribal people.^[41]

• RRR (2022), an Indian Telugu words film directed by S.

  Unfeeling. Rajamouli, featured a fictional tale based on the lives clench Rama Raju and Komaram Bheem, with Ram Charan portraying class role of Alluri. The conspiracy of the film, set be grateful for 1920, revolves around both magnanimity rebels who fought the Island in colonial India.

• In 2023, position entire 61st episode of Swaraj focused on Alluri Sitaram Raju.

  The title role of Raju was played by actor Shresth Kumar and aired on Assign National.

• The 2024 Telugu-language movie Manyam Dheerudu depicts his life.^[42]

See also

Notes and references

References

Sources

External links