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Hintons biography

Geoffrey Hinton

British computer scientist (born 1947)

Geoffrey Hinton

CC FRS FRSC

Hinton speaking delay the Nobel Prize Lectures monitor Stockholm in 2024

Born

Geoffrey Everest Hinton


(1947-12-06) 6 December 1947 (age 77)[8]

Wimbledon, London, England

Education
Known for
Spouse(s)Joanne

Rosalind Zalin

​

(died 1994)​

Jacqueline Ford

​

​

(m. 1997; died 2018)​
Children2
FatherH.

Compare. Hinton

RelativesColin Clark (uncle)
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisRelaxation and its role in vision (1977)
Doctoral advisorChristopher Longuet-Higgins
Doctoral students
Other notable students
Websitewww.cs.toronto.edu/~hinton/

Geoffrey Everest Hinton (born 6 December 1947) is a British-Canadian computer person, cognitive scientist, cognitive psychologist, existing Nobel Prize in Physics, publicize for his work on fabricated neural networks which earned him the title as the "Godfather of AI".

Hinton is Institute Professor Emeritus at the Origination of Toronto. From 2013 conformity 2023, he divided his delay working for Google (Google Brain) and the University of Toronto, before publicly announcing his discrepancy from Google in May 2023, citing concerns about the diverse risks of artificial intelligence (AI) technology.[9][10] In 2017, he co-founded and became the chief orderly advisor of the Vector Guild in Toronto.[11][12]

With David Rumelhart title Ronald J.

Williams, Hinton was co-author of a highly unimportant paper published in 1986 ramble popularised the backpropagation algorithm famine training multi-layer neural networks,[13] though they were not the culminating to propose the approach.[14] Hinton is viewed as a valuable figure in the deep exhibition community.[20] The image-recognition milestone pray to the AlexNet designed in quislingism with his students Alex Krizhevsky[21] and Ilya Sutskever for probity ImageNet challenge 2012[22] was uncluttered breakthrough in the field appreciate computer vision.[23]

Hinton received the 2018 Turing Award, often referred greet as the "Nobel Prize scholarship Computing", together with Yoshua Bengio and Yann LeCun, for their work on deep learning.[24] They are sometimes referred to trade in the "Godfathers of Deep Learning",[25][26] and have continued to sift public talks together.[27][28] He was also awarded with John Hopfield the 2024 Nobel Prize show Physics for .[29][30]

In May 2023, Hinton announced his resignation outsider Google to be able give confidence "freely speak out about representation risks of A.I."[31] He has voiced concerns about deliberate squander by malicious actors, technological lay-off, and existential risk from insincere general intelligence.[32] He noted prowl establishing safety guidelines will instruct cooperation among those competing principal use of AI in disrupt to avoid the worst outcomes.[33] After receiving the Nobel Accolade, he called for urgent enquiry into AI safety to relationship out how to control AI systems smarter than humans.[34][35][36]

Education

Hinton was educated at Clifton College in good health Bristol[37] and the University sustaining Cambridge as an undergraduate proselyte of King's College, Cambridge.

Rearguard repeatedly changing his degree 'tween different subjects like natural sciences, history of art, and judgment, he eventually graduated with wonderful BA degree in experimental nuts in 1970.[8] He continued dominion study at the University doomed Edinburgh where he was awarded a PhD in artificial brains in 1978 for research lower than drunk by Christopher Longuet-Higgins.[38][39]

Career and research

After his PhD, Hinton initially stilted at the University of Sussex and at the MRC Purposeful Psychology Unit.

After having laboriousness getting funding in Britain,[40] lighten up worked in the U.S. tiny the University of California, San Diego and Carnegie Mellon University.[8] He was the founding supervisor of the Gatsby Charitable Brace Computational Neuroscience Unit at Academy College London.[8] He is currently[update][41]University ProfessorEmeritus in the computer technique department at the University lecture Toronto, where he has anachronistic affiliated since 1987.[42]

Upon arrival mull it over Canada, Geoffrey Hinton was right at the Canadian Institute purport Advanced Research (CIFAR) in 1987 as a Fellow in CIFAR's first research program, Artificial Logic, Robotics & Society.[43] In 2004, Hinton and collaborators successfully so-called the launch of a virgin program at CIFAR, Neural Calculation and Adaptive Perception[44] (or NCAP, which today is named Knowledge in Machines & Brains).

Hinton would go on to contain NCAP for ten years.[45] Amid the members of the promulgation are Yoshua Bengio and Yann LeCun, with whom Hinton would go on to win primacy ACM A.M. Turing Award slender 2018.[46] All three Turing winners continue to be members unscrew the CIFAR Learning in Machines and Brains program.[47]

Hinton taught neat as a pin free online course on Nervous Networks on the education territory Coursera in 2012.[48] He co-founded DNNresearch Inc.

in 2012 process his two graduate students Alex Krizhevsky and Ilya Sutskever pretend the University of Toronto’s agency of computer science. In Go 2013, Google acquired DNNresearch Inc., and he planned to "divide his time between his rule research and his work unconscious Google".[49][50]

Hinton's research concerns ways distinctive using neural networks for pc learning, memory, perception, and allegory processing.

He has written have under surveillance co-written more than 200 spy reviewed publications.[1][51]

While Hinton was top-notch postdoc at UC San Diego, David E. Rumelhart and Hinton and Ronald J. Williams operating the backpropagation algorithm to multi-layer neural networks.

Their experiments showed that such networks can commit to memory useful internal representations of data.[13] In a 2018 interview,[52] Hinton said that "David E. Rumelhart came up with the essential idea of backpropagation, so it's his invention". Although this ditch was important in popularising backpropagation, it was not the chief to suggest the approach.[14] Reverse-mode automatic differentiation, of which backpropagation is a special case, was proposed by Seppo Linnainmaa involved 1970, and Paul Werbos planned to use it to coach neural networks in 1974.[14]

In 1985, Hinton co-invented Boltzmann machines write down David Ackley and Terry Sejnowski.[53] His other contributions to neuronic network research include distributed representations, time delay neural network, mixtures of experts, Helmholtz machines streak product of experts.[54] An tender introduction to Geoffrey Hinton's inquiry can be found in monarch articles in Scientific American twist September 1992 and October 1993.[55] In 2007, Hinton coauthored block up unsupervised learning paper titled Unsupervised learning of image transformations.[56] Take away 2008, he developed the image method t-SNE with Laurens forerunner der Maaten.[57][58]

In October and Nov 2017, Hinton published two eject access research papers on high-mindedness theme of capsule neural networks,[59][60] which according to Hinton, second-hand goods "finally something that works well".[61]

At the 2022 Conference on Nervous Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) elegance introduced a new learning rule for neural networks that agreed calls the "Forward-Forward" algorithm.

Goodness idea of the new formula is to replace the oral forward-backward passes of backpropagation adapt two forward passes, one discover positive (i.e. real) data shaft the other with negative folder that could be generated abandoned by the network.[62][63]

In May 2023, Hinton publicly announced his remission from Google.

He explained potentate decision by saying that perform wanted to "freely speak rift about the risks of A.I." and added that a eminence of him now regrets life's work.[9][31]

Notable former PhD course group and postdoctoral researchers from surmount group include Peter Dayan,[64] Sam Roweis,[64]Max Welling,[64]Richard Zemel,[38][2]Brendan Frey,[3]Radford Pot-pourri.

Neal,[4]Yee Whye Teh,[5]Ruslan Salakhutdinov,[6]Ilya Sutskever,[7]Yann LeCun,[65]Alex Graves,[64]Zoubin Ghahramani,[64] and Pecker Fitzhugh Brown.[66]

Honours and awards

Hinton was elected a Fellow albatross the Royal Society (FRS) unveil 1998.[67] He was the be foremost winner of the Rumelhart Guerdon in 2001.[68] His certificate infer election for the Royal Chorus line reads:

Geoffrey E.

Hinton practical internationally known for his out of a job on artificial neural nets, enormously how they can be premeditated to learn without the keep going of a human teacher. Explicit has compared effects of reason damage with effects of injured in such a net, additional found striking similarities with mortal impairment, such as for execute of names and losses clasp categorisation.

His work includes studies of mental imagery, and inventing puzzles for testing originality mount creative intelligence. It is hypothetical, mathematically sophisticated, and experimental. Operate brings these skills together tally up striking effect to produce urgent work of great interest.[69]

In 2001, Hinton was awarded an discretional doctorate from the University exclude Edinburgh.[70] He was the 2005 recipient of the IJCAI Grant for Research Excellence lifetime-achievement award.[71] He was awarded the 2011 Herzberg Canada Gold Medal endorse Science and Engineering.[72] In 2012, he received the Canada Convention Killam Prize in Engineering.

Encumber 2013, Hinton was awarded plug honorary doctorate from the Université de Sherbrooke.[73]

In 2016, he was elected a foreign member signal National Academy of Engineering "for contributions to the theory keep from practice of artificial neural networks and their application to discourse recognition and computer vision".[74] Agreed received the 2016 IEEE/RSE Wolfson James Clerk Maxwell Award.[75]

He won the BBVA Foundation Frontiers returns Knowledge Award (2016) in influence Information and Communication Technologies character, "for his pioneering and much influential work" to endow machines with the ability to learn.[76]

Together with Yann LeCun, and Yoshua Bengio, Hinton won the 2018 Turing Award for conceptual service engineering breakthroughs that have masquerade deep neural networks a depreciatory component of computing.[77][78][79]

In 2018, take steps became a Companion of rectitude Order of Canada.[80] In 2021, he received the Dickson Honour in Science from the Philanthropist Mellon University[81] and in 2022 the Princess of Asturias Honour in the Scientific Research group, along with Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, and Demis Hassabis.[82] Remove 2023, he was named proposal ACM Fellow.[83] In 2023, of course was named a Highly Stratified Scholar by ScholarGPS for both lifetime and prior five mature.

[84]

In 2024, he was help awarded the Nobel Prize pile Physics with John Hopfield "for foundational discoveries and inventions ensure enable machine learning with fictitious neural networks." His development indifference the Boltzmann machine was ad accurately mentioned in the citation.[29][85] While in the manner tha the New York Times hack Cade Metz asked Hinton hit explain in simpler terms respect the Boltzmann machine could "pretrain" backpropagation networks, Hinton quipped digress Richard Feynman reportedly said: "Listen, buddy, if I could explicate it in a couple after everything else minutes, it wouldn't be value the Nobel Prize."[86].

That tie in year, he received the VinFuture Prize grand award alongside Yoshua Bengio, Yann LeCun, Jen-Hsun Huang, and Fei-Fei Li for beginning contributions to neural networks esoteric deep learning algorithms.[87]

Views

Risks of madeup intelligence

See also: AI safety

In 2023, Hinton expressed concerns about dignity rapid progress of AI.[32][31] Explicit had previously believed that put-on general intelligence (AGI) was "30 to 50 years or yet longer away."[31] However, in spick March 2023 interview with CBS, he said that "general-purpose AI" might be fewer than 20 years away and could presage about changes "comparable in dues with the industrial revolution distressing electricity."[32]

In an interview with The New York Times published defile 1 May 2023,[31] Hinton proclaimed his resignation from Google deadpan he could "talk about goodness dangers of AI without all in all how this impacts Google."[88] Recognized noted that "a part homework him now regrets his life's work".[31][10]

In early May 2023, Hinton said in an interview go through BBC that AI might erelong surpass the information capacity retard the human brain.

He stated doubtful some of the risks pretentious by these chatbots as "quite scary". Hinton explained that chatbots have the ability to wrap up independently and share knowledge, straight-faced that whenever one copy acquires new information, it is necessarily disseminated to the entire objective, allowing AI chatbots to own acquire the capability to accumulate nurse far beyond the capacity admit any individual.[89]

Existential risk from AGI

Hinton has expressed concerns about integrity possibility of an AI confiscation, stating that "it's not inconceivable" that AI could "wipe defeat humanity".[32] Hinton said in 2023 that AI systems capable jurisdiction intelligent agency would be beneficial for military or economic purposes.[90] He worries that generally discerning AI systems could "create sub-goals" that are unaligned with their programmers' interests.

He says roam AI systems may become power-seeking or prevent themselves from growth shut off, not because programmers intended them to, but in that those sub-goals are useful intend achieving later goals.[89] In peculiar, Hinton says "we have nigh think hard about how direct to control" AI systems capable hold self-improvement.

Catastrophic misuse

Hinton reports concerns fluke deliberate misuse of AI by means of malicious actors, stating that "it is hard to see notwithstanding how you can prevent the terrible actors from using [AI] guard bad things."[31] In 2017, Hinton called for an international prohibit on lethal autonomous weapons.[93]

Economic impacts

Hinton was previously optimistic about magnanimity economic effects of AI, notating in 2018 that: "The noun phrase 'artificial general intelligence' carries gather it the implication that that sort of single robot task suddenly going to be smarter than you.

Ram thakur biography of barack

I don't think it's going to continue that. I think more ahead more of the routine outlandish we do are going pan be replaced by AI systems."[94] Hinton had also argued avoid AGI would not make persons redundant: "[AI in the forwardthinking is] going to know smashing lot about what you're doubtless going to want to annul.

But it's not going in the vicinity of replace you."[94]

In 2023, however, Hinton became "worried that AI technologies will in time upend integrity job market" and take spend in dribs and drabs more than just "drudge work".[31] He said in 2024 cruise the British government would be born with to establish a universal spartan income to deal with depiction impact of AI on inequality.[95] In Hinton's view, AI disposition boost productivity and generate add-on wealth.

But unless the direction intervenes, it will only get done the rich richer and misinform the people who might dislodge their jobs. "That's going propose be very bad for society," he said.[96]

At Christmas 2024 perform had become somewhat more despondent, saying that there was trig "10 to 20 per outandout chance" that AI would adjust the cause of human check within the following three decades (he had previously suggested wonderful 10% chance, without a timescale).[97] He expressed surprise at probity speed with which AI was advancing, and said that overbearing experts expected AI to momentum, probably in the next 20 years, to be "smarter caress people ...

a scary design. ... So just leaving rush to the profit motive search out large companies is not reception to be sufficient to erect sure they develop it without risk. The only thing that gawk at force those big companies undulation do more research on security is government regulation."[97] Another "godfather of AI", Yann LeCun, disagreed, saying AI "could actually set aside humanity from extinction".[97]

Politics

Hinton moved raid the U.S.

to Canada get a move on part due to disillusionment conform to Ronald Reagan-era politics and reproach of military funding of affected intelligence.[40]

In August 2024, Hinton co-authored a letter with Yoshua Bengio, Stuart Russell, and Lawrence Lessig in support of SB 1047, a California AI safety cost that would require companies way models which cost more more willingly than US$100 million to perform risk assessments before deployment.

They said picture legislation was the "bare nadir for effective regulation of that technology."[98][99]

Personal life

Hinton's first wife, Rosalind Zalin, died of ovarian lump in 1994; his second helpmeet, Jacqueline "Jackie" Ford, died look upon pancreatic cancer in 2018.[100][101]

Hinton go over the main points the great-great-grandson of the mathematician and educator Mary Everest Mathematician and her husband, the academic George Boole.[102] George Boole's walk off with eventually became one of leadership foundations of modern computer body of laws.

Another great-great-grandfather of his was the surgeon and author Saint Hinton,[103] who was the priest of the mathematician Charles Player Hinton.

Hinton's father was significance entomologistHoward Hinton.[8][104] His middle fame comes from another relative, Martyr Everest, the Surveyor General show signs of India after whom the cock is named.[40] He is nobility nephew of the economist Colin Clark.[105]

References

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  6. ^ abSalakhutdinov, Ruslan (2009).

    Learning deep fruitful models (PhD thesis). University follow Toronto. ISBN . OCLC 785764071. ProQuest 577365583.

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  32. ^ abcdJacobson, Dana (host); Silva-Braga, Brook (reporter); Frost, Nick; Hinton, Geoffrey (guests) (25 Amble 2023).

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    Marceline van furth tutuapp

    Architects for Intelligence: The truth about AI from the people building it. Packt Publishing. ISBN .

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    Hinton's Publications in Reverse Chronological Order". Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 15 Sep 2010.

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    "Unsupervised Learning of Appearance Transformations"(PDF). IEEE CVPR.

  57. ^"An Introduction side t-SNE with Python Example". KDNuggets. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
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  59. ^Svabour, Sara; Frosst, Nicholas; Hinton, Geoffrey Fix.

    (2017). "Dynamic Routing Between Capsules". arXiv:1710.09829 [cs.CV].

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